Half-term revision

Half-term revision

• Avengers: 'The Town of No return' (ITV Saturdays 1965, 9:05pm)
• Cuffs: 'The Luck of the Draw' (BBC1 Wednesdays 2015, 8pm)
• Social historical contexts of 1960s and 2010s

Low mark questions:

• A PSB is ran and funded by the public to benefit them, instead of for commercial interests. A PSB should also follow a remit.
• Dan Lin, Roy Lee and Warner Bros produced and distributed The Lego Movie.
• The BBFC regulates the film industry
• A tent pole film is a film expected to make large profits, which can then be used to support other projects.
• Themes from one or two different genres is genre hybridity
• Bauer owns Mojo magazine
• OFCOM regulates TV and radio
• Diversification is when a business branches out into other areas.
• BBC1 is a mass audience radio station.
• BBC1 Xtra is a more niche audience radio station.
• Bringing together different platforms is called
• Radio and websites distribute the Live Lounge
• P: people can listen to the music they identify with. I: people can find out information about artists. E: people find enjoyment in listening to music. S: people can share what they like about different artists.
• Two generic conventions of music videos could be singing along or performing.
• Two forms a music video might take are narrative and performance.
• The term for describing a mix of styles and genres in a music video is called genre hybridity.
• British magazines are globalised because they are owned by different companies around the world.
• Bauer media is diversified because they own companies in different industries, such as magazines and radio shows.
• Print magazines can gain revenue by selling copies and selling advertising spaces within their magazines.
• Middle-age males are likely to read Mojo.
• Intertextuality is where a piece of media refers to other work within it.
• Genre hybridity is when a piece of media includes themes of different genres.
• The owner of The Observer is The Guardian.
• The regulator of newspapers is the ASA.
• The term for the use of different platforms for the same content is convergence.
• A tabloid newspaper offers soft news aimed at a downmarket audience.
• Two demographics for the online Observer is affluent and well travelled.
• One way that newspaper owners explicitly exercise control over their newspapers is by appointing editors with similar viewpoints.

Cuffs: 2015

• Attitudes to sexuality: people were very open to different sexualities as it was legal and accepted by the vast majority of people, shown by one of the officers and a lawyer being gay.
• Attitudes to gender: women had a lot more equal rights with men, however in Cuffs the senior officer is a male.
• Attitudes to age: younger people were more equal and had more freedom.
• Attitudes to ethnicity: ethnic minorities vastly accepted, shown in Cuffs by having officers of black, white and asian origins.
• Attitudes to the police: police had unfair pay/hours and received a lot of abuse, shown when the officer gets pushed over on the beach.

The Avengers: 1965

• Attitudes to sexuality: homosexuality in the 60s was decriminalised so attitudes towards it were becoming more positive.
• Attitudes to gender: in the 60s there were no heroic female characters until The Avengers, when Emma Peel was shown as a strong female character.
• Attitudes to age: younger people were seen as rebellious by more conservative older people who were tied down by their jobs. The younger people were very style conscious, had their own styles (hippies, mods and rockers) and were often involved in many political movements such as the protests for gay rights and female rights.
• Attitudes to ethnicity: the vast majority of the UK was white in the 60s, and racism (especially to people from the UK's opponents in WW2) was very prominent.
• Attitudes to The Cold War and espionage: people in the 60s were very scared of invasion from foreign countries, which can be seen when Emma and John go to the town and people are scared of them because they aren't locals.

Editing: what to look for

• Order of shots/shot choices: can reveal what motivates the edits/what they are trying to show the audience, shows which perspective is more privilege
• Continuity: creates realism, tells a story with narrative continuity, helps make sense of the action by implying spatial relationships and smooth transitions between shots
• Transitions: implies a passage of time and a change in location, emphasises a connection (like what the character is thinking/remembering/dreaming about)
• Shot duration, pace and rhythm: reflects narrative context, short shot = fast paced action and urgency, long shot = slower pace, conveys intensity/intimacy, allows the facial expression and other aspects of mine-en-scene which would otherwise be missed.
• Special effects: adds realism for audience

Live Lounge

Monday 20th May 2019                                   Live Lounge

L.O. explore the industry and audience behind the Live Lounge.

• BBC radio 1 aimed at 15-29 year olds
• Mix of new music and entertainment
• Definite intertextual references to pop culture

BBC Radio 1 remit

• 'to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech.'
• It's target audience is 15-29 year olds and should also provide some programming for young teenagers.
• Offer a range of new music, supports emerging artists - especially those from the UK - and provide a platform for live music.

How have they met the remit in their web-page to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners?

They have included many artists from the UK, such as Little Mix and Lewis Capaldi, both of whom are artists under the pop music genre. They also have current pop stars that are very popular with young listeners, such as Billie Eilish. They have a young presenter (Greg James) who is a similar age to the target audience, and is likely to relate and entertain younger listeners. They have a Little Mix quiz so that the young listeners are entertained and engaged to see how much they know about a current and popular girl group. There is also a whole section on Live Music, which is part of their remit.


Convergence

• Merging technology due to digitalisation. BBC can be accessed many different ways (Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), FM Radio, Long Wave (LW), Medium Wave (MW), Freeview TV, Sky TV, Virgin TV, online, on mobile phones, apps, digital music players, smart speakers.
• The Live Lounge section made a deal with Vevo so artist's Live Lounge performance are put onto Vevo. This is an advantage because if someone watches one, they might listen to more and therefore BBC Radio 1 may receive more viewers. It is also beneficial because both companies receive a larger target audience. It is an advantage for the audience because they can both listen and watch performances, and can go back and watch it as many times as they like.
• The website for Live Lounge includes direct links to Radio 1 and 1Xytra to allow users easy migration to their main radio stations. Also links to videos, photos and galleries so more information about the Live Lounge can be accessed.

• Regulated by OFCOM
• If people complain against radio or TV stations, OFCOM have to investigate to determine whether the broadcasting code has been breached.
• OFCOM exists to ensure the broadcasting code is upheld and that listeners are protected from harmful/offensive material, unfair treatment and loss of privacy.
• OFCOM also need to make sure, in terms of plurality (a range of viewpoints and prevention of one media owner or voice having too much influence over public opinion) that opinions are fair and unbiased as the BBC should be.
• Protection of under 15: re-scheduling things that may impair the physical, mental or moral development of people under 18 must not be broadcasted pre-watershed.

BBC Radio 1Xtra

• Live Lounge is broadcasted on Radio 1 and Radio 1 Xtra
• 1Xtra can only be listened to digitally, whereas Radio 1 can be listened to both digitally and analogue.
• Being hosted by Radio 1 or 1xtra allows artists to be broadcasted across the two, so artists receive a larger target audience.
• Presenters: Clara Amfo (ex-kids TV presenter, interned in KissFM and was nominated for a Sony Radio Award as a 'rising star', known for her interest in music in particular, became a 1Xtra host in 2015); and Ace and Vis (became presenters in 2004, left in 2012, Ace returned in 2014).

• Live Lounge is popular because it gets well-known artists to play their own songs, and other songs (perhaps of a genre that they wouldn't usually do) to perform live and acoustically in an intimate setting.
• Audiences may also hear artists that they haven't heard of, so it is a good opportunity for listeners to find new artists that they may enjoy.
• It can also be watched/played back online which encourages even more people to listen or watch a Live Lounge performance.

Most recent Live Lounge: Lewis Capaldi

• Background: learned to play guitar when he was 9, and began his musical career singing in pubs aged 12.
• Age: 22
• Where he's from: Glasgow, Scotland
• Genre: pop, folk rock
• Current songs: Someone You Loved, Bruises, Grace, Lost on You
• Current album: Divinely Uninspired to a Hellish Extent
• Critical reception: good reception, described as 'a sensation' by The Independent
• Awards: The Brit Awards - Critics' Choice Award for 2019, Scottish Music Awards - Best Breakthrough Artist Award, MTV - Brand New for 2019 Award.

Example Question: 

Explain how and why producers of radio programmes target different audiences. Refer to the Radio 1 Live Lounge to support your answer.

Revision (Magazines)

Key Terminology
(what to talk about)

• Audience
• Denotation (literal meaning of a word)
• Connotation 
• Common conventions
• Colour palette
• Genre
• House style
• Iconography (visual symbols)
• Mediation
• Mise-en-scene
• Representation
• Shot type
• Stereotypes
• Star vehicles

Magazine terminology

• Banner
• Masthead
• Main image
• Main cover line
• Cover lines
• Features (e.g. puffs, free CDs, etc) 

Radio 1 Case Study

Explain how and why producers of radio programmes target different audiences. Refer to the Radio 1 Live Lounge to support your answer.

Radio 1's target audience is mainly people age 15-35 year olds, in last 10 years listening figures have dropped because of access to music online and younger people prefer streaming. Live Lounge tries to solve the problem for loss of listeners as it targets younger audiences and can be streamed online. One successful example is Harry Styles' cover of Fleetwood Mac's 'The Chain'. The song in itself also helps to attract older audiences because Fleetwood Mac is an older rock band formed in 1967. 
Harry Styles has a variety of different audiences his music caters for. The first being younger people and family audiences from the UK because of his appearance on The X Factor. These would have been the first people to have listened to his music so its the first members of his 'fan base'. This means that this song instantly targets these members to listen to his Live Lounge cover, which was clever by BBC 1 because these young people are likely to listen to this Live Lounge cover, which in turn increases their listening figures.
The next target audience for Harry Styles is young, British teenage girls because of his membership in One Direction. The X Factor has a mass mainstream audience appeal, so with Harry Styles being well-known for being in One Direction, it brings in another audience to the BBC as these young teenage girls listen to his cover.
Another target audience this Live Lounge cover would have brought in is older males. Fleetwood Mac is a band that was formed in 1967 but still make music today. These people are likely to be part of the older generation and into rock music. Half of the band members in Fleetwood Mac are American, so this cover would have also brung in audiences from America. This is another target audience the BBC have received from this cover because these people are not as likely to listen to BBC Radio 1, however because of their interest in Fleetwood Mac, they are likely to tune into the radio to see how Harry Styles has covered the song.
Fleetwood Mac's 'The Chain' was also featured in Guardians of the Galaxy 2. This cover would have brought in fans of the film who are younger audiences, but also males and females aged over 35 (i.e. parents). This is also a new audience for the BBC as these people may have not listened to BBC Radio 1 before, but because they like the song from the film they are likely to tune in and listen to it.
Therefore, producers of radio programmes may use ideas such as the Live Lounge to help increase their viewing figures and popularity.